Arabs Invasions
During the Khaliphate of Omar, Arab forces made fertile attempts to get Bombay
Arabs captured Sindh in 712 AD.
The Arab conquest of Sindh was led by Muhammed Bin Kassim.
Muhammed Bin Khasim was the nephew of Al- Hajaj, the governor of the Arab province of Basra.
Dahir, a Brahmin was the ruler of Punjab at that time. He was killed by Kassim.
The Arabs lost control over Sindh in 779 AD.
Arab conquest of Sindh resulted in the spread of Islam to North India.
But Islam was first introduced in India by Malik Ibn Dinar in Kerala in 644 AD.
Turkish Invasions
Ghazni in Afghanistan was ruled by a Turkish family called Gamini of Ghaznavid dynasty.
Muhammed Ghazni was the first Turkish conqueror of North India.
Muhammad Ghazni’s father was Subu ktigin.
He attacked India only for want of wealth.
He attacked India seventeen times between 1000 and 1027 AD. He made all the raids in the guise of Jihad.
First Invasion was in 1001 AD.
He defeated Jaipal and Anandpal of Shahi dynasty in 1001 and 1009 respectively.
The most important raid of Muhammed was the Somanath expedition. It was in 1025. He completely destroyed the temple. Somanath Temple was on the sea coast of Gujarat.
Muhammed Ghazni died in 30th April 1030.
Later his son Masud attacked India and captured Kashmir.
The famous Persian poet Firdausi who wrote
‘Shahnama’ (The Book of Kings) lived in his court.
Alberuni, an Arab Historian, who wrote Tarikhul- Hind (Reality of Hindustan), accompanied Muhammed Ghazni to India.
Al-Firdausi is known as ‘Indian Homer’, ‘Persian Homer’, or ‘The Immortal Homer of the East’. Muhammed of Ghore attacked India betwen 1175 and 1206 AD.
Muhammed Ghori made his first expedition to India and captured multan in 1175 AD.
In the First Battle Tarain in 1191 (near Taneswar) Muhammed Ghori was defeated by the Rajput forces under Prithviraj Chauhan III.
In the Second Battle of Tarain (1192 AD) Muhammed Ghori assisted by Qutub -ud-din Aibek a slave, defeated Prithviraj Chauhan III and killed him.
In 1193 Muhamed Ghori attacked Jaichand, father in law of Prithviraj . III at Kanauj, Jaichand was defeated.
Muhammed Ghori returned from India by intrustinghis territories in India in the hands of Qutub- Uddin Aibak.
After the death of Ghori in 1206 Aibek founded the Slave Dynasty.
Muhammed Ghoris Indian invasion resulted in the foundation of Islamic rule in India.
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